Networking Fundamentals
OSI Model
- 7 layers and their functions
- Encapsulation and decapsulation
TCP/IP Model
- 4 layers and their mappings to OSI
- Protocols at each layer (IP, TCP, UDP, etc.)
Cabling and Topologies
- Ethernet standards (Cat5, Cat6, etc.)
- Star, mesh, bus, and ring topologies
IPv4 & IPv6 Addressing
- Subnetting
- VLSM and CIDR
- IPv6 structure and types
Network Access
VLANs
- VLAN configuration and benefits
- Inter-VLAN routing
Switches
- Function and operation of switches
- Collision and broadcast domains
MAC Address Tables
- Learning and forwarding process
- Flooding and aging
Port Security
- Static and dynamic MAC assignments
- Violation modes (protect, restrict, shutdown)
IP Connectivity
Routing Concepts
- How routers forward packets
- Administrative distance and metrics
Static Routing
- Configuration and use cases
- Troubleshooting static routes
Dynamic Routing (OSPF)
- Link-state vs distance vector
- OSPF areas and LSAs
IP Services
NAT
- Static, dynamic, and PAT
- NAT configuration
DHCP
- DHCP process (DORA)
- DHCP configuration on routers
NTP
- Time synchronization in networks
- NTP configuration
DNS
- Resolving hostnames to IPs
- DNS role in networking
Security Fundamentals
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
- Standard vs extended ACLs
- Placement and best practices
VPN Concepts
- Types of VPNs (site-to-site, remote access)
- Encryption and tunneling
Device Security Best Practices
- Password policies and login security
- Secure management protocols (SSH, HTTPS)
Automation and Programmability
Controller-Based Networking
- Benefits and concepts (SDN)
- Centralized control
REST APIs and JSON
- API interaction basics
- Understanding JSON data
Cisco DNA Center
- Features and uses
- Network automation and analytics
Study Resources and Practice
Cisco Packet Tracer
- Building topologies
- Simulating networks
Lab Work
- Hands-on practice
- Realistic scenarios
Practice Tests
- Timed quizzes
- Review of weak areas
Official Cert Guide
- Reading schedule
- Notes and highlights
Exam Prep Strategies
Study Schedule
- Weekly goals
- Balanced topics
Review Sessions
- Recap and reinforce
- Group study tips
Time Management
- Practice under timed conditions
- Avoid burnout
Mock Exams
- Simulated real exam environment
- Post-exam analysis
CCNA Study Outline